Q1: Often earing defects are found during deep drawing operation, because the

ANS:C - starting sheet has planer anisotropy due to its texture.

The correct answer is: "Starting sheet has planar anisotropy due to its texture." During deep drawing operations, the material of the starting sheet undergoes significant deformation as it is formed into the desired shape. Anisotropy refers to the variation in material properties in different directions. Planar anisotropy specifically refers to variations in material properties within the plane of the sheet. The texture of the starting sheet can lead to planar anisotropy, where the material exhibits different mechanical properties (such as yield strength, ductility, and flow behavior) in different directions within the plane of the sheet. This uneven distribution of material properties can cause localized thinning, tearing, or wrinkling during deep drawing operations, resulting in earing defects. Poor surface finish may also contribute to earing defects, but the primary reason for earing defects during deep drawing is the presence of planar anisotropy in the starting sheet due to its texture.