ANS:A - frequency

Frequency refers to the number of complete cycles or oscillations of a periodic waveform that occur in one second. It is a fundamental parameter used to describe periodic phenomena such as sound waves, electrical signals, and mechanical vibrations. In the context of oscillations or waves, frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz), where 1 Hz equals one cycle per second. For example:

• If a waveform completes 100 cycles in one second, its frequency is 100 Hz.
• If a signal completes 5000 cycles in one second, its frequency is 5000 Hz.

Frequency is often associated with the pitch of sound waves. Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches. For instance, a high-pitched musical note typically has a higher frequency compared to a low-pitched note. In electronics, frequency plays a crucial role in the transmission and processing of signals. In communication systems, for instance, the frequency of electromagnetic waves determines the bandwidth allocated for transmitting data. In digital systems, clock frequencies dictate the speed at which operations can be executed. In summary, frequency represents the rate at which a periodic waveform repeats itself over time and is a fundamental parameter in various fields such as physics, engineering, and telecommunications.