Q1: Piles are usually driven by

ANS:D - all the above.

Piles can indeed be driven using various methods, depending on factors such as soil conditions, pile type, project requirements, and equipment availability. Common methods for driving piles include:

1. Diesel-operated hammer: This type of hammer uses diesel fuel to power its operation. It delivers repeated blows to the pile head, driving it into the ground. Diesel hammers are versatile and suitable for driving various types of piles in different soil conditions.
2. Drop hammer: A drop hammer, also known as a gravity hammer, is lifted to a certain height and then released to fall freely onto the pile head. The impact generated by the falling weight drives the pile into the ground. Drop hammers are simple and effective but may have limitations in terms of driving capacity and efficiency.
3. Single-acting steam hammer: Steam hammers use steam power to deliver blows to the pile head, similar to diesel hammers. Single-acting steam hammers operate with steam pressure acting only on one side of the piston, producing downward strokes to drive the pile. While less common nowadays, they were historically used for pile driving.