Q1: Ponchan-Savarit method analyses the fractional equipment based on

ANS:C - both enthalpy and material balances.

The Ponchon-Savarit method is a graphical technique used for analyzing and designing binary distillation columns. It is based on both enthalpy and material balances. In the Ponchon-Savarit method, the enthalpy balance is used to determine the enthalpy changes that occur as the feed mixture is separated into its components. This involves calculating the enthalpies of the liquid and vapor streams at various stages of the distillation column. Simultaneously, material balances are employed to ensure that the overall mass transfer of each component is accounted for throughout the column. Material balances help in determining the flow rates of the liquid and vapor streams at each stage of the column. By combining enthalpy and material balances, the Ponchon-Savarit method allows engineers and researchers to analyze the fractional distillation process more comprehensively, taking into account both energy and mass transfer phenomena. This method enables the determination of key parameters such as the number of theoretical stages, reflux ratio, and composition profiles within the distillation column. The assumption of constant molal overflow is a separate consideration in the design and analysis of distillation columns and is not directly related to the Ponchon-Savarit method.