Q1: Property of a material to resist a tensile force without giving away is a measure of its

ANS:D - tenacity

Tenacity is a mechanical property of materials that describes their ability to withstand applied forces without fracturing or breaking. It is often associated with materials subjected to tension, such as fibers, ropes, or wires. Tenacity measures the amount of energy a material can absorb before rupturing under tension. Here's a more detailed explanation of tenacity:

1. Resistance to Fracture: Tenacity reflects a material's resistance to fracture or failure when subjected to tensile stress. In simpler terms, it measures how tough a material is when pulled or stretched.
2. Energy Absorption: Unlike stiffness, which primarily focuses on resisting deformation, tenacity considers the energy required to cause fracture. Materials with high tenacity can absorb significant amounts of energy before rupturing, indicating their ability to withstand extreme forces.
3. Applications: Tenacity is particularly important in materials used for applications where tensile strength and durability are critical, such as in the production of textiles, ropes, cables, and structural components. For example, high-tenacity fibers like Kevlar are utilized in bulletproof vests and other protective gear due to their exceptional strength and resistance to tearing.
4. Measurement: Tenacity is typically measured in units of force per unit of cross-sectional area, such as newtons per square meter (N/m²) or grams-force per tex (g/tex). The tenacity of a material can be determined through tensile testing, where a sample is gradually stretched until it breaks, and the force and elongation are measured.
5. Factors Influencing Tenacity: Several factors can influence the tenacity of a material, including its chemical composition, molecular structure, processing techniques, and any defects or impurities present. Materials with strong molecular bonds and uniform structures tend to exhibit higher tenacity.