ANS:C - superheated

Superheated steam refers to steam that has been heated to a temperature above its saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure. In other words, it is steam that exists at a temperature higher than the temperature at which it would typically condense into water at a given pressure. The process of superheating involves adding more heat energy to saturated steam, increasing its temperature without changing its pressure. This is typically achieved by passing saturated steam through a superheater, which is a heat exchanger specifically designed to increase the temperature of steam. Superheated steam has several important properties and advantages:

1. Increased Energy Content: Superheated steam contains more energy per unit mass compared to saturated steam at the same pressure. This additional energy can be useful in various industrial applications, such as power generation and process heating.
2. Improved Heat Transfer: Superheated steam can transfer heat more efficiently than saturated steam, making it useful in heat exchangers and heat transfer systems where precise temperature control is required.
3. Reduced Moisture Content: Unlike saturated steam, which may contain small droplets of water, superheated steam is dry and free from liquid water. This can be beneficial in applications where moisture control is important, such as in turbine engines and industrial drying processes.
4. Prevention of Condensation: Superheated steam remains in the gaseous phase even when it comes into contact with cooler surfaces. This prevents the formation of condensate and reduces the risk of damage to equipment due to water hammer or corrosion.

Superheated steam is commonly used in various industries, including power generation, chemical processing, food and beverage, and manufacturing. It offers several advantages over saturated steam, including higher energy content, improved heat transfer, and better moisture control, making it a preferred choice for many industrial applications.