- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 1
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 2
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 3
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 4
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 5
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 6
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 7
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 8
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 9
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 10
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 11
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 12
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 13
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 14
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 15
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 16
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 17
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 18
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 19
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 20
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 21
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 22
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 23
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 24
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 25
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 26
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 27
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 28


Chemical Engineering Basics - Engineering
Q1: Secondary hardening in steels arises out of theA precipitation of fine alloy carbides at high temperatures.
B refinement of ferrite grain size by working.
C decomposition of retained austenite upon heat treatment.
D precipitation of complex inter-metal-lics upon heat treatment.
ANS:C - decomposition of retained austenite upon heat treatment. Secondary hardening in steels typically arises from the precipitation of fine alloy carbides at high temperatures, but it can also occur due to the decomposition of retained austenite upon heat treatment. Retained austenite is a metastable phase of steel that remains in the microstructure after quenching from the austenitic region. During subsequent heat treatment, such as tempering, retained austenite may decompose into other phases, such as martensite or secondary carbides. The decomposition of retained austenite contributes to secondary hardening by transforming the metastable phase into more stable phases with higher hardness. This transformation involves the redistribution of carbon atoms within the microstructure, leading to the formation of additional strengthening phases. As a result, the decomposition of retained austenite upon heat treatment can lead to an increase in hardness and strength, contributing to secondary hardening in certain types of steels. |


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