Q1: Semi-conductors normally employ __________ bonding.

ANS:C - covalant

Covalent bonding is a type of chemical bonding where atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve stability. In a covalent bond, each atom contributes one or more electrons to the shared pair, forming a molecular bond. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to attain a more stable electron configuration, typically resembling that of noble gases. In a covalent bond, the electrons are shared between the atoms rather than transferred outright, as is the case in ionic bonding. Covalent bonds are often found in molecules composed of non-metallic elements or compounds. These bonds are relatively strong, holding atoms together to form stable molecules. Covalent bonding is crucial in the formation of various substances, including organic compounds, molecular gases, and many solid materials. It plays a fundamental role in the properties and behaviors of these substances, influencing factors such as molecular structure, polarity, and reactivity.