Q1: Sodium tri poly phosphate (STPP) is chemically represented as

ANS:A - Na₅P₃O₁₀

Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is chemically represented as 𝑁𝑎5𝑃3𝑂10Na5​P3​O10​. So, the correct option is: 𝑁𝑎5𝑃3𝑂10Na5​P3​O10​ Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), with the chemical formula 𝑁𝑎5𝑃3𝑂10Na5​P3​O10​, is a sodium salt of triphosphoric acid. It is composed of five sodium ions (Na⁺) and three phosphate ions (𝑃𝑂43−PO43−​). The structure of sodium tripolyphosphate consists of a chain of three phosphate groups (𝑃𝑂43−PO43−​) linked together by oxygen atoms. Each phosphate group is composed of one phosphorus atom (P) surrounded by four oxygen atoms. These phosphate groups are connected in a linear chain, forming the backbone of the molecule. The sodium ions (𝑁𝑎+Na+) are associated with the phosphate groups, balancing the negative charge of the phosphate ions. In the sodium tripolyphosphate molecule, each phosphate group is associated with one sodium ion, except for the terminal phosphate group, which is associated with two sodium ions. Sodium tripolyphosphate is widely used in various industrial and household applications, including as a detergent builder, water softener, food additive, and industrial chemical. Its ability to sequester calcium and magnesium ions makes it effective in water treatment and detergent formulations. Additionally, it acts as a dispersant, helping to prevent soil redeposition in laundry detergents and improving the efficiency of cleaning processes. Overall, sodium tripolyphosphate is a versatile compound with many practical applications, owing to its unique chemical structure and properties.