Q1: Temperature and pressure in ammonia converter is

ANS:C - 450 atm, 550°C

In an ammonia converter, the conditions of 450 atm and 550°C refer to the temperature and pressure at which the Haber-Bosch process operates. Here's an explanation of what these conditions mean:

1. Pressure (450 atm): The high pressure of 450 atmospheres (atm) is a defining characteristic of the Haber-Bosch process. Operating at high pressure helps to shift the equilibrium of the reaction towards the formation of ammonia (NH3), as described by Le Chatelier's principle. This means that more reactants (nitrogen and hydrogen) are converted into products (ammonia), resulting in higher yields of ammonia. The high pressure also allows for higher reactant concentrations, which increases the rate of the reaction.
2. Temperature (550°C): The temperature of 550°C is also an important parameter in the Haber-Bosch process. While the reaction is exothermic (releases heat), meaning it produces more heat than it consumes, the optimal temperature for maximizing ammonia yield is around 550°C. At this temperature, the rate of the forward reaction (formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen) is high, while the rate of the reverse reaction (breakdown of ammonia into nitrogen and hydrogen) is minimized. Operating at a temperature too far above or below this optimum can reduce the yield of ammonia.

In summary, the conditions of 450 atm and 550°C in an ammonia converter represent the optimal pressure and temperature range for maximizing the yield of ammonia in the Haber-Bosch process. These conditions are carefully controlled to ensure efficient production of ammonia, which is a crucial component in the manufacture of fertilizers and various industrial chemicals.