Q1: The best guide to judge the general quality of water is the measurement of its

ANS:B - electrical conductivity.

Electrical conductivity refers to the ability of a substance to conduct an electric current. In the context of water quality, electrical conductivity measures the ability of water to carry an electrical current, which is influenced by the presence of dissolved ions, such as salts, minerals, and other substances. Pure water, in its most natural state, is a poor conductor of electricity because it contains few ions. However, as water interacts with its surroundings, it can dissolve various substances, leading to an increase in its conductivity. For example, water passing through soil or rock formations can pick up dissolved minerals, while water in industrial or urban areas may contain pollutants or chemicals. The electrical conductivity of water is typically measured in units of siemens per meter (S/m) or microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm). Higher conductivity values indicate a greater concentration of dissolved ions in the water. Monitoring electrical conductivity is an important aspect of assessing water quality. It can provide insights into the overall mineral content, salinity, and pollution levels of water bodies. High conductivity levels may indicate contamination from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, or natural sources such as mineral deposits. Conversely, low conductivity levels may suggest the absence of dissolved ions or minimal human impact on the water body. Therefore, measuring electrical conductivity is a valuable tool for evaluating the suitability of water for various uses, including drinking, irrigation, and aquatic habitat maintenance.