Q1: The co-ordinate of a point measured perpendicular to the parallel, is called

ANS:A - total latitude

Parallel are lines parallel with equator, so taking perpendicular to it is l cos @ which is the latitude of line, so A is the answer. I think option A is correct because question is asking about parallel to the north and south line. Given answer is correct. They have asked with reference to parallel, not WRT. Meridian. Hence A is correct.