Chemical Engineering Basics - Engineering

Q1:

The entropy change for a spontaneous process is

A > 0 for the system.

B < 0 for the system.

C > 0 for the system & the surrounding.

D < 0 for the system & the surrounding.

ANS:D - < 0 for the system & the surrounding.

The correct statement is:

0 for the system & the surrounding.
In a spontaneous process, the entropy change of the universe (which includes both the system and its surroundings) always increases, leading to a positive change in entropy (Δuniverse>0ΔSuniverse​>0). This is in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of the universe tends to increase over time for spontaneous processes. Therefore, both the system and its surroundings experience an increase in entropy during such processes.