Q1: The following is not a laminar flow

ANS:E - Flow in water pipe lines.

The following is not a laminar flow: Flow in water pipe lines. In water pipe lines, especially in practical scenarios, flow is often turbulent rather than laminar. Turbulent flow occurs at higher velocities or when the fluid encounters obstacles or irregularities in the flow path. This turbulence leads to chaotic and irregular movement of fluid particles, with mixing and eddies forming throughout the flow field. While laminar flow is characterized by smooth and orderly movement of fluid particles in parallel layers, turbulent flow is characterized by fluctuations in velocity, pressure, and flow direction. In water pipe lines, factors such as pipe roughness, changes in direction, fittings, and flow rate can contribute to the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. The other examples provided, such as the flow of oil in measuring instruments, flow in groundwater beds, rise of water in plants through roots, and flow of blood in the arteries of the human body, can all exhibit laminar flow under certain conditions. These scenarios typically involve lower velocities and relatively smooth flow paths, which are conducive to laminar flow patterns.