ANS:B -

The head loss hexph_{\text{exp}}hexp​ due to a sudden expansion in a pipe can be calculated using the following formula: hexp=KV122gh_{\text{exp}} = K \frac{V_1^2}{2g}hexp​=K2gV12​​ where:

• KKK is the loss coefficient associated with the sudden expansion,
• V1V_1V1​ is the velocity of fluid approaching the expansion,
• ggg is the acceleration due to gravity.

The loss coefficient KKK depends on the geometry of the expansion and the flow conditions. For a sudden expansion, KKK typically ranges from 0.2 to 1.0, depending on the degree of expansion and flow characteristics. To summarize, the head loss due to sudden expansion is quantified by the loss coefficient KKK multiplied by V122g\frac{V_1^2}{2g}2gV12​​, where V1V_1V1​ is the velocity of the fluid before the expansion.