Q1: The intensity of pressure due to sudden closure of a valve of a pipe in which water flows with velocity v, is directly proportional to :

ANS:A - square root of the bulk modulus of elasticity of water

The intensity of pressure due to the sudden closure of a valve in a pipe, in which water flows with velocity v, is directly proportional to the bulk modulus of elasticity of water. The bulk modulus of elasticity (K) is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to compressibility. When a valve is suddenly closed in a pipe with flowing water, the fluid experiences a rapid change in velocity and direction, leading to pressure waves that propagate through the fluid. The bulk modulus of elasticity determines the magnitude of the pressure increase resulting from this sudden change. Therefore, the correct option is: bulk modulus of elasticity of water.