Q1: The leaching solvent used in Baeyer's process for the purification of bauxite is

ANS:B - sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate, commonly known as soda ash or washing soda, is a chemical compound with the formula Na2CO3. Here's an explanation of sodium carbonate:

1. Chemical Composition: Sodium carbonate consists of two sodium (Na) ions and one carbonate (CO3) ion. It is an ionic compound, meaning it is formed by the electrostatic attraction between positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged carbonate ions.
2. Physical Properties: Sodium carbonate is a white, odorless solid with a granular or powdered texture. It is soluble in water and forms an alkaline solution. Anhydrous sodium carbonate has a melting point of 851 degrees Celsius, while the hydrated forms (such as the decahydrate) have lower melting points.
3. Production: Sodium carbonate can be produced through several methods, including the Solvay process, the Leblanc process, and mining of natural deposits. The Solvay process, developed in the 19th century, is the most widely used method for industrial production. It involves the reaction of sodium chloride (table salt) with ammonia and carbon dioxide to produce sodium carbonate.
4. Uses:
   • Soda Ash: Sodium carbonate is primarily used in the production of glass, detergents, and soaps. It is a key ingredient in the glass manufacturing process, where it helps lower the melting point of silica and facilitates the formation of glass.
   • Water Treatment: Sodium carbonate is used in water treatment to adjust the pH of water and neutralize acidic conditions.
   • Cleaning and Laundry: Sodium carbonate is a common ingredient in household cleaning products and laundry detergents due to its alkalinity and ability to remove grease, stains, and dirt.
   • Chemical Manufacturing: Sodium carbonate serves as a precursor in the production of various chemicals, including sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), sodium percarbonate (a bleaching agent), and sodium silicate (a detergent builder).
5. Safety Precautions: Sodium carbonate is generally considered safe for use in household and industrial applications when handled properly. However, it is corrosive to the skin and eyes and can cause irritation upon contact. Protective measures, such as wearing gloves and goggles, should be taken when handling sodium carbonate.