Hydraulics - Engineering

Q1:

The main assumption of Bernoulli's equation is :

A The velocity of energy of liquid particle, across any cross-section of a pipe is uniform

B No external force except the gravity acts on the liquid

C There is no loss of energy of the liquid while flowing

D All the above.

ANS:D - All the above.

The main assumption of Bernoulli's equation is: All the above. Each of the statements you provided represents a fundamental assumption that is inherent in Bernoulli's equation:

  1. The velocity and energy of liquid particles across any cross-section of a pipe are uniform: This assumption implies that there are no significant changes in velocity or energy within the flow, and thus, the equation applies along a streamline where the flow is steady.
  2. No external force except gravity acts on the liquid: This assumption means that the flow is not influenced by external forces such as friction, viscosity, or other non-conservative forces.
  3. There is no loss of energy of the liquid while flowing: Bernoulli's equation assumes that the energy of the fluid remains constant along a streamline, implying that there are no energy losses due to friction, turbulence, or other dissipative processes.
These assumptions provide the basis for the application of Bernoulli's equation in fluid mechanics, particularly in situations where the flow is steady, inviscid, and irrotational. Therefore, the correct statement is: All the above.