Q1: The property of material, by which a given amount of energy is absorbed by it, without plastic deformation is called

ANS:A - resilience

Resilience is a material's ability to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and then release that energy upon unloading, returning to its original shape. In simpler terms, it's the capacity of a material to withstand and recover from deformation under stress without undergoing permanent deformation or damage. When a material is subjected to a load or force, it deforms temporarily. During this deformation, energy is stored within the material's structure. In resilient materials, this energy is stored elastically, meaning it can be released when the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original shape. Resilience is an important property in engineering and materials science, especially in applications where materials are subjected to repeated loading and unloading cycles, such as springs, shock absorbers, and protective equipment. Materials with high resilience can effectively absorb and dissipate energy, reducing the risk of damage or failure.