ANS:A - resilience

Resilience refers to the ability of a material to absorb energy when deformed elastically and then return to its original shape once the load is removed, without undergoing permanent deformation. In simpler terms, it is the ability of a material to withstand and recover from deformation caused by a force or stress, without suffering permanent damage. When a material is subjected to a load or force, it deforms temporarily. Resilience measures how much energy the material can absorb while undergoing this temporary deformation and still return to its original shape when the load is removed. Materials with high resilience can absorb significant amounts of energy without permanent distortion or damage. Resilience is an important property in various engineering applications, especially in situations where materials are subjected to sudden impacts or loads. Materials such as rubber, certain types of plastics, and spring steels are known for their high resilience, making them suitable for applications where shock absorption and flexibility are required.