Q1: The recovery of pencillin from the acidified fermentation broth is done by

ANS:D - liquid extraction

The recovery of penicillin from the acidified fermentation broth is typically done by liquid extraction. Liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction, involves the transfer of a solute (in this case, penicillin) from one liquid phase (the fermentation broth) into another immiscible liquid phase (the extraction solvent). The choice of solvent is crucial to selectively extract the desired compound while leaving impurities behind. After extraction, the penicillin-rich solvent phase can be separated from the fermentation broth, and then the solvent is typically stripped off to isolate the penicillin. This can involve processes such as distillation or evaporation to recover the penicillin from the solvent. So, while distillation and evaporation may be involved in subsequent steps of the recovery process, the primary method for extracting penicillin from the acidified fermentation broth is liquid extraction.