ANS:A - not considered for calculating the upward pressure on footing

1. Bearing Pressure Calculation: The bearing pressure, also known as the soil pressure or contact pressure, refers to the pressure exerted by the footing on the underlying soil. It is essential to calculate the bearing pressure accurately to ensure the stability and safety of the foundation system.
2. Total Load Consideration: The bearing pressure is determined based on the total load acting on the footing, which includes both the applied loads from the superstructure (such as dead loads and live loads) and the self-weight of the footing itself. Neglecting the self-weight of the footing would lead to an inaccurate assessment of the total load on the soil.
3. Inclusion in Analysis: When analyzing the foundation system, engineers consider all relevant loads acting on the footing, including the self-weight. The self-weight contributes to the total load transmitted to the soil and influences the distribution of pressure on the foundation soil.
4. Design Considerations: Designing a foundation involves ensuring that the bearing pressure does not exceed the safe bearing capacity of the soil. By including the self-weight of the footing in the analysis, engineers can accurately determine the maximum bearing pressure and design the footing to distribute the loads effectively without causing soil failure or excessive settlement.