Q1: The standard instrument used for calibrating the load applied by universal testing machine is called

ANS:D - none of these

The standard instrument used for calibrating the load applied by a universal testing machine is called a dynamometer. Explanation:

• A dynamometer is a device used for measuring force, torque, or power. In the context of calibrating a universal testing machine (UTM), a dynamometer is specifically used to measure and calibrate the load applied by the UTM.
• Dynamometers come in various forms, including hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, and electronic types. They are designed to accurately measure and indicate the force or load applied to them.
• During calibration of a UTM, a known force is applied to the dynamometer, and the output of the UTM is compared to the measured force from the dynamometer. Any discrepancies between the applied load and the indicated load on the UTM can be adjusted to ensure accurate and reliable testing results.
• Extensometers are instruments used to measure changes in length or deformation of a test specimen during mechanical testing, typically used in tensile testing. They are not specifically used for calibrating the load applied by a UTM.
• Spring balances are devices used to measure force or weight by the extension or compression of a spring. While they can measure force, they are not typically used as standard instruments for calibrating UTMs.
• Therefore, the correct answer is dynamometer.