Q1: The total frictional resistance to fluid flow does not depend upon the

ANS:B - fluid pressure.

The total frictional resistance to fluid flow does not depend upon the fluid pressure. Explanation:

1. Frictional Resistance to Fluid Flow: When a fluid flows through a conduit, such as a pipe or a channel, it experiences resistance due to friction between the fluid and the surface of the conduit. This resistance, known as frictional resistance or frictional head loss, reduces the flow velocity of the fluid.
2. Factors Influencing Frictional Resistance: The total frictional resistance to fluid flow is influenced by several factors:
   • Roughness of the Surface: The roughness of the conduit's surface affects the magnitude of frictional resistance. Smoother surfaces result in lower frictional resistance, while rougher surfaces increase resistance.
   • Fluid Density: The density of the fluid affects its inertia and viscosity, which influence the magnitude of frictional resistance. Higher fluid densities generally lead to greater frictional resistance.
   • Fluid Velocity: The velocity of the fluid relative to the conduit's surface impacts the frictional resistance. Higher velocities result in increased turbulence and greater frictional resistance.
3. Fluid Pressure: Fluid pressure does not directly influence the frictional resistance to fluid flow. Pressure represents the force exerted by the fluid on the conduit's surface, but it does not directly affect the resistance to flow caused by friction between the fluid and the conduit's surface.
4. Other Factors: In addition to the factors mentioned above, the viscosity of the fluid, the length and diameter of the conduit, and the flow regime (e.g., laminar or turbulent flow) also affect the total frictional resistance to fluid flow.
5. Summary: While fluid pressure is an important parameter in fluid dynamics, it does not directly affect the frictional resistance experienced by the fluid as it flows through a conduit. Frictional resistance primarily depends on factors such as surface roughness, fluid density, and fluid velocity.