Q1: To avoid the tendency of separation of liquid flow, the most suitable ratio of the diameters of the throat and the pipe, is

ANS:B - 1/3 to 1/2

To avoid the tendency of separation of liquid flow and promote stable flow conditions, the most suitable ratio of the diameters of the throat and the pipe is typically around 1/3 to 1/2. This ratio ensures that the velocity of the fluid is adequately increased at the throat while minimizing the risk of separation or turbulence. When the throat diameter is between one-third to one-half of the pipe diameter, it allows for a smooth and gradual contraction of the flow, reducing the likelihood of separation and maintaining stable flow conditions. While the specific ratio may vary depending on the flow characteristics, geometry, and other factors, a throat diameter that falls within the range of 1/3 to 1/2 of the pipe diameter is generally considered suitable for minimizing flow separation and promoting efficient flow in many practical applications. Therefore, the most suitable ratio of the diameters of the throat and the pipe to avoid the tendency of separation of liquid flow is around 1/3 to 1/2.