Q1: Transformation range for ferrous material is the temperature interval during which __________ is formed during its heating.

ANS:B - austenite

The transformation range for ferrous material is the temperature interval during which austenite is formed during its heating. During the heating of ferrous materials such as steel, the transformation range refers to the temperature range within which certain phases are formed or undergo transformation. Austenite is a phase of steel that forms at higher temperatures during heating. It is a solid solution of carbon and iron, characterized by a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. As the temperature increases within the transformation range, the microstructure of the steel undergoes changes, and austenite is formed from the parent phase. The specific temperature range at which austenite forms depends on factors such as the composition of the steel and its alloying elements. The other phases mentioned—cementite, martensite, and pearlite—may also be present in steel, but they are not typically formed during the heating phase within the transformation range. Cementite is a compound of iron and carbon, martensite is a metastable phase formed by rapid cooling, and pearlite is a eutectoid mixture of ferrite and cementite formed during cooling within the transformation range.