Q1: Transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow in fluid flow through a pipe does not depend upon the

ANS:A - length of the pipe.

The transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow in fluid flow through a pipe does not depend upon the length of the pipe. This transition, known as the Reynolds number transition, primarily depends on the flow conditions and properties of the fluid, rather than the length of the pipe. The Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless parameter used to characterize the flow regime, and it is defined as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in the flow. Re=μρ⋅V⋅D​ Where:

• ρ is the density of the fluid,
• V is the velocity of the fluid,
• D is the diameter of the pipe,
• μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid.

The Reynolds number provides a criterion for determining whether the flow is laminar or turbulent:

• Laminar flow occurs at low Reynolds numbers, typically Re < 2000, where viscous forces dominate, and fluid particles move in smooth, parallel layers.
• Turbulent flow occurs at higher Reynolds numbers, typically Re > 4000, where inertial forces dominate, and the flow becomes chaotic, with eddies, swirls, and mixing.

The transition from laminar to turbulent flow depends on factors such as the velocity of the fluid, the diameter of the pipe, and the density and viscosity of the fluid. However, the length of the pipe does not directly influence this transition. The length of the pipe may affect the development of turbulent flow downstream, but it does not determine the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. Therefore, the correct explanation is that the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow in fluid flow through a pipe does not depend on the length of the pipe.