Q1: Tungsten in high speed steel is responsible for its

ANS:A - toughness & wear resistance

Toughness and wear resistance are important mechanical properties of materials, particularly in engineering applications where materials are subjected to various types of mechanical loading and wear conditions. Here's an explanation of each property:

1. Toughness:
   • Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracturing or breaking.
   • It is a measure of the material's resistance to fracture when subjected to impact or sudden loading.
   • Materials with high toughness can withstand large amounts of deformation and absorb significant amounts of energy before failure.
   • Toughness is essential in applications where materials are exposed to impact loading, such as in structural components, machinery, and tooling.
   • Toughness is often characterized by parameters such as impact strength, fracture toughness, and ductility.
2. Wear Resistance:
   • Wear resistance refers to the ability of a material to withstand abrasion, erosion, and other forms of wear when in contact with another surface.
   • It is a measure of the material's ability to resist loss of material or deterioration due to frictional forces and surface contact.
   • Materials with high wear resistance exhibit minimal wear and maintain their shape and integrity over prolonged periods of use.
   • Wear resistance is crucial in applications where materials are subjected to sliding, rubbing, or abrasive contact with other surfaces, such as cutting tools, bearings, gears, and wear components in machinery.
   • Factors influencing wear resistance include hardness, surface finish, lubrication, and the presence of wear-resistant phases or coatings.

In summary, toughness and wear resistance are both important mechanical properties that influence the performance and reliability of materials in various engineering applications. While toughness ensures that a material can withstand impact and deformation without fracturing, wear resistance ensures that it can withstand abrasion and maintain its shape and functionality over time, even under harsh operating conditions. Materials engineered to exhibit high toughness and wear resistance are often sought after in industries where reliability and durability are paramount.