ANS:C - without chemical reaction & losses.

The validity of the relationship "inputs = outputs" holds good for a system at steady state without chemical reaction & losses. In a steady state without chemical reactions, the system's properties remain constant over time, and there are no chemical reactions occurring. Therefore, the input of material into the system equals the output, ensuring mass balance. When there are no losses, it means that all the input material remains within the system and is accounted for in the output, reinforcing the concept of mass balance. So, the statement holds true for a system at steady state without chemical reactions and losses. When we say "without chemical reaction & losses" in the context of a system, we're referring to a scenario where there are no chemical reactions occurring within the system, and there are no losses of material from the system. Let's break down what this means:

1. Without Chemical Reaction:
   • In a system without chemical reactions, there are no processes where chemical bonds are broken or formed to produce new substances. Essentially, the composition of the materials within the system remains constant over time. This implies that the input and output of materials into and out of the system are solely due to physical processes such as flow, mixing, and phase changes, rather than chemical transformations.
2. Without Losses:
   • When we say there are no losses in the system, it means that all the material that enters the system remains within it until it leaves as an output. There are no leaks, spills, or other forms of material loss. This ensures that the mass of the system remains constant over time, in accordance with the principle of conservation of mass.

In summary, a system without chemical reactions and losses is one where the composition of materials within the system remains unchanged over time, and all the material that enters the system exits it as an output without any losses. This scenario is often used in engineering and process control to simplify calculations and ensure that mass balance is maintained.