Q1: Vapor phase reaction of ammonia & nitric acid to produce ammonium nitrate is termed as the __________ process.

ANS:B - Stengel

The Haber process, named after the German chemist Fritz Haber, is a method for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. This process is vital for the production of ammonia, which is a crucial component in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, and various chemicals. In the Haber process, nitrogen gas (N2) and hydrogen gas (H2) are reacted in the presence of a catalyst at high temperature and pressure. Typically, iron catalysts are used, along with optimal conditions of around 400-500°C temperature and pressures of 150-200 atmospheres. The reaction equation for the Haber process is: N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) This reversible reaction produces ammonia gas, which can then be further processed to produce various nitrogen-containing compounds like ammonium nitrate, urea, and other fertilizers. The Haber process revolutionized the production of ammonia on an industrial scale, allowing for the mass production of fertilizers essential for modern agriculture. It has had a profound impact on global food production and industrial chemistry.