Q1: Vent pipes are provided in a condenser to

ANS:A - remove non-condensable gases.

Certainly! In a condenser, the primary objective is to convert vapor into liquid by removing heat. However, the presence of non-condensable gases, such as air or other gases that do not easily condense at the operating conditions of the condenser, can interfere with this process. Here's why removing non-condensable gases is important:

1. Space Occupancy: Non-condensable gases occupy space within the condenser volume. This reduces the effective surface area available for condensation of the vapor. As a result, the condensation efficiency of the condenser decreases because there is less surface area for the vapor to come into contact with the cooling medium and release its heat.
2. Heat Transfer Efficiency: Non-condensable gases act as insulators, reducing the efficiency of heat transfer from the vapor to the cooling medium. This reduces the overall heat transfer rate in the condenser and can lead to suboptimal performance or even system inefficiencies.
3. Performance and Maintenance: The presence of non-condensable gases can affect the performance of the condenser and the system as a whole. It can lead to reduced heat transfer rates, increased energy consumption, and potential operational issues. Additionally, non-condensable gases can accumulate in certain parts of the condenser, leading to maintenance challenges and the need for more frequent cleaning or purging.