Q1: Venturimeter is used to measure the flow rate of fluids in pipes, when the pipe is in __________ position.

ANS:D - any

When we say that a Venturi meter can be used to measure the flow rate of fluids in pipes in "any" position, it means that the orientation of the pipe, whether horizontal, vertical, inclined, or otherwise, does not affect the functionality or accuracy of the Venturi meter. The principle behind a Venturi meter is based on the Bernoulli's principle, which states that in a fluid flow, an increase in the fluid's velocity occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or potential energy. A Venturi meter consists of a constricted section (throat) in the pipe, which causes the fluid velocity to increase, leading to a decrease in pressure. By measuring the pressure difference before and within the throat section, the flow rate of the fluid can be determined. Since the Venturi meter relies on pressure measurements at specific points within the pipe, its operation is not affected by the orientation of the pipe. As long as the Venturi meter is installed correctly and the pressure taps are positioned appropriately, it can accurately measure the flow rate regardless of the pipe's orientation. This versatility makes Venturi meters widely used in various industrial applications where pipes may be installed in different positions or orientations. Whether the pipe is installed horizontally for a water distribution system, vertically for a tall industrial tower, or inclined for a pipeline on a slope, the Venturi meter can provide reliable flow rate measurements.