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Hydraulics - Engineering

Q1:

Water flows through a convergent mouthpiece of diameter 4 cm at convergence under a head of 3 metres. If the maximum vacuum pressure is 9 metres of water, the maximum diameter of divergence, to aviod separation of flow, is

A 4 cm

B 6 cm

C 2 cm

D 23 cm.

ANS:C - 2 cm

Answer is 4√2.
a1/a2= √(1+ HV/H).

a1 =area of diverging.
a2=area of converging(4 cm dia given).

H(atmosphere)- H(absolute at vena contracta) = Hv = 9m.
H = head of liquid over the mouth piece = 3m.