Q1: Which of the following gases is the most soluble in water ?

ANS:A - NH₃

Among the given options, ammonia (NH₃) is the most soluble in water. Ammonia (NH₃) is highly soluble in water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. These hydrogen bonds allow ammonia to dissolve readily in water, leading to a relatively high solubility compared to other gases. So, the correct answer is: NH₃ Ammonia (NH₃) is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor. It consists of one nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Ammonia is highly soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is commonly known as ammonia water or ammonium hydroxide. The solubility of ammonia in water is due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. In the ammonia molecule, the nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons, which can form hydrogen bonds with the partially positive hydrogen atoms in water molecules. This interaction allows ammonia molecules to dissolve readily in water, leading to the formation of ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) through the following equilibrium reaction: 𝑁𝐻3+𝐻2𝑂⇌𝑁𝐻4++𝑂𝐻−NH3​+H2​O⇌NH4+​+OH− This equilibrium favors the formation of ammonium ions and hydroxide ions in aqueous solution, resulting in the high solubility of ammonia in water. Ammonia is commonly used in various industrial processes, such as in the production of fertilizers, cleaning agents, and pharmaceuticals. It is also widely used as a household cleaner and in the food industry as a refrigerant and in food processing. However, it's important to handle ammonia with caution as it is toxic and can be harmful if inhaled or ingested in large quantities. Additionally, ammonia can react with certain chemicals to form explosive compounds, so proper safety measures should be observed when handling it.