ANS:B - Tallow oil

Tallow oil is a type of oil derived from the rendering (melting and purifying) of animal fats, primarily from beef or mutton. Here's an explanation of tallow oil:

1. Source: Tallow oil is obtained from the fatty tissues of cattle or sheep. The fat is collected from various parts of the animal, such as suet (the hard fat around the kidneys and loins), and is then subjected to rendering to extract the oil.
2. Rendering Process: The rendering process involves heating the animal fat to melt it and separate the oil from the other components, such as proteins and solids. The melted fat is then strained or filtered to remove any impurities, resulting in a clear or semi-clear oil.
3. Composition: Tallow oil primarily consists of triglycerides, which are composed of fatty acids and glycerol. It contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, including palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, among others.
4. Properties: Tallow oil is solid at room temperature, with a creamy to yellowish appearance. It has a high melting point due to its saturated fat content, which gives it stability and resistance to oxidation. Tallow oil has been traditionally used in various industrial applications, including soap making, candle production, and as a lubricant for machinery.
5. Industrial Uses:
   • Soap Making: Tallow oil is commonly used in the production of soaps, where it serves as a source of lathering and moisturizing properties. It helps create a creamy and stable lather in soaps.
   • Candle Making: Tallow oil can be used in candle production, either alone or in combination with other fats or oils. Tallow candles have a long history and were widely used before the advent of modern synthetic waxes.
   • Industrial Lubricants: Tallow oil can also be used as a lubricant for machinery and equipment, particularly in applications where high temperatures and heavy loads are encountered.