Q1: Which of the following is the most commonly used leaching solvent in vegetable oil industry ?

ANS:B - Hexane

Hexane is a chemical compound classified as an alkane, belonging to the group of hydrocarbons. Its molecular formula is C6H14C6​H14​, meaning it consists of six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic odor. Here are some key points about hexane:

1. Chemical Structure: Hexane consists of a straight chain of six carbon atoms bonded to each other, with the remaining carbon bonds saturated with hydrogen atoms. This molecular structure gives hexane its properties as a non-polar solvent.
2. Physical Properties: Hexane is a highly flammable liquid with a boiling point of approximately 68-69°C (154-156°F) and a density of around 0.66 g/cm³. It is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, acetone, and chloroform.
3. Industrial Uses: Hexane is primarily used as a solvent in various industrial processes. One of its most common applications is in the extraction of vegetable oils from oilseeds like soybeans, canola, and sunflower seeds. In this process, hexane is used to dissolve the oil present in the seeds, allowing for efficient extraction. It is also used as a solvent in the production of adhesives, coatings, and inks. Additionally, hexane is used as a cleaning agent in the printing industry and as a solvent in the formulation of certain pharmaceuticals.
4. Health and Safety: While hexane is a widely used solvent, it is important to handle it with care due to its flammability and potential health hazards. Prolonged exposure to hexane vapors can cause irritation to the respiratory system and central nervous system, and in extreme cases, it can lead to neurological damage. Proper ventilation and personal protective equipment are essential when working with hexane to minimize exposure risks.

Overall, hexane's properties as a highly effective solvent make it a valuable tool in various industrial processes, particularly in the extraction of vegetable oils from seeds in the food industry. However, caution must be exercised to ensure safe handling and use.