Q1: Which of the following is the terminology used for the temperature at which the phase changes occur in a metal ?

ANS:A - Critical temperature.

Critical temperature refers to the specific temperature at which a material undergoes a significant change in its physical properties, often resulting in a phase transition. This term is commonly used in the context of substances undergoing a transition between different states of matter, such as from liquid to gas (vapor) or from magnetic to non-magnetic states. Here's a more detailed explanation:

1. Phase transition: A phase transition is a change in the physical state of a substance, such as solid, liquid, or gas, or a change in its internal structure, such as magnetic or electronic properties. Phase transitions can occur due to changes in temperature, pressure, or other external factors.
2. Critical point: In thermodynamics, a critical point is the set of conditions (specifically temperature and pressure) at which the distinction between liquid and gas phases of a substance disappears. At the critical point, the liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable, and the substance exhibits unique properties such as critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical density.
3. Critical temperature: Critical temperature is the temperature at which a material undergoes a phase transition, specifically at its critical point. For example, in the context of a substance transitioning from liquid to gas (vapor), the critical temperature is the highest temperature at which the substance can exist as a liquid phase. Above the critical temperature, the substance becomes a supercritical fluid, exhibiting properties of both liquid and gas phases.
4. Significance: The critical temperature is significant because it marks the upper limit of temperature at which a substance can exist in a particular phase. It also influences the behavior of the substance under different conditions, such as its response to changes in pressure or the ability to undergo phase changes.