Q1: Which of the following manufacturing processes produces the strongest components ?

ANS:A - Forging

Among the given manufacturing processes, forging typically produces the strongest components. Here's why:

1. Forging: In forging, metal is shaped by applying compressive forces using a hammer, press, or die. This process involves plastic deformation of the material, which results in improved grain structure and alignment. The repeated working and shaping of the metal during forging help to align the grain structure, reduce porosity, and eliminate internal defects, resulting in components with excellent mechanical properties, including high strength.
2. Cold Rolling: Cold rolling involves passing metal through a pair of rollers at room temperature to reduce its thickness and improve surface finish. While cold rolling can enhance the strength and hardness of the material to some extent by inducing strain hardening, the resulting components may not be as strong as those produced by forging.
3. Hot Rolling: Hot rolling is similar to cold rolling but is performed at elevated temperatures. While hot rolling can improve the formability and ductility of the material, the resulting components may not have the same level of strength as those produced by forging, as the material undergoes less plastic deformation compared to forging.
4. Die Casting: Die casting involves injecting molten metal into a mold cavity under high pressure to produce complex-shaped components. While die casting offers high dimensional accuracy and productivity, the resulting components may have lower strength compared to those produced by forging, as the process does not involve the same level of grain refinement and alignment.