Q1: Which of the following parameters is actually measured during tensile testing of a specimen using Universal testing machine?

ANS:A - Load & elongation.

During tensile testing using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM), the load and elongation of a specimen are measured to evaluate its mechanical properties. Here's what each of these parameters represents:

1. Load: Load refers to the force applied to the specimen during the tensile test. It is measured in units such as Newtons (N) or pounds-force (lbf). The UTM applies a gradually increasing load to the specimen until it reaches failure, allowing engineers to observe how the material responds under different levels of stress.
2. Elongation: Elongation, also known as extension or strain, refers to the change in length of the specimen during the tensile test. It is typically measured as a percentage of the original length of the specimen. Elongation is an indication of the material's ductility, or its ability to deform before fracturing. Materials with high elongation values can undergo significant deformation before failure, while materials with low elongation values are more brittle.

By measuring the load and elongation throughout the tensile test, engineers can plot a stress-strain curve for the material being tested. This curve provides valuable information about the material's mechanical properties, including its yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and more.