Q1: With increase in temperature, the total emissivity of conductors

ANS:A - increases

With an increase in temperature, the total emissivity of conductors typically remains the same. Total emissivity is a material property that represents the efficiency of an object at emitting thermal radiation relative to that of a perfect black body at the same temperature. Conductors, such as metals, have relatively low emissivities compared to non-metallic materials. However, the emissivity of conductors is generally considered to be independent of temperature over a wide range of temperatures. While the surface characteristics of a conductor might change slightly with temperature, such changes typically do not significantly affect its emissivity. Therefore, the total emissivity of conductors is often assumed to remain constant with changes in temperature.