Q1: With increase in the solute concentration, the specific heat of aqueous solutions

ANS:B - decreases

The correct statement is: "either (a) or (b); depends on the type of solution." The specific heat capacity of aqueous solutions can either increase or decrease with an increase in solute concentration, depending on the type of solute and its interaction with water molecules. Here's why:

1. Increase in specific heat: Some solutes, particularly those that form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules (such as salts like NaCl), can increase the specific heat capacity of the solution. This is because the solute molecules disrupt the hydrogen bonding network of water, leading to increased freedom of motion of water molecules and thus an increase in specific heat.
2. Decrease in specific heat: Other solutes, especially those that undergo strong interactions with water molecules, such as hydrogen bonding or ion-dipole interactions, can decrease the specific heat capacity of the solution. This is because the solute molecules restrict the movement of water molecules, leading to a decrease in specific heat.
3. Remains unchanged: In some cases, the effect of solute concentration on the specific heat capacity of the solution may be negligible, especially for dilute solutions where the presence of the solute does not significantly alter the properties of water.

So, the specific heat capacity of aqueous solutions can either increase or decrease with an increase in solute concentration, depending on the specific properties of the solute and its interactions with water molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is "either (a) or (b); depends on the type of solution."