Q1: With increases in pressure, the conversion of ammonium carbamate into urea

ANS:A - increases

Increasing the pressure typically increases the conversion of ammonium carbamate into urea. Ammonium carbamate (𝑁𝐻2𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑁𝐻4NH2​COONH4​) is an intermediate compound formed during the synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide. In the high-pressure synthesis of urea, the equilibrium between ammonium carbamate and urea is shifted toward urea with increasing pressure, according to Le Chatelier's Principle. Increasing the pressure favors the formation of urea because the reaction involves a decrease in the total number of moles of gas. According to Le Chatelier's Principle, when pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift in the direction that reduces the total number of moles of gas. Since the conversion of ammonium carbamate to urea involves a decrease in the number of gas molecules, the reaction will proceed in that direction to counteract the increase in pressure. Therefore, increasing the pressure generally leads to an increase in the conversion of ammonium carbamate into urea.