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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each of the following questions, two statements are given followed by three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Q1:

Statements: All aeroplanes are trains. Some trains are chairs. Conclusions:
  1. Some aeroplanes are chairs.
  2. Some chairs are aeroplanes.
  3. Some chairs are trains.
  4. Some trains are aeroplanes.

A None follows

B Only I and II follow

C Only II and III follow

D Only III and IV follow

ANS:D - Only III and IV follow

Explanation: Since the middle term 'trains' is not distributed even once in the/premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, III is the converse of the second premise while IV is the converse of the first premise. So, both of them hold.



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