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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each of the following questions, two statements are given followed by three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Q1: Statements: All branches are flowers. All flowers are leaves. Conclusions:
  1. All branches are leaves.
  2. All leaves are branches.
  3. All flowers are branches.
  4. Some leaves are branches.

A None follows

B Only I and IV follow

C Only II and III follow

D All follow

ANS:B - Only I and IV follow

Explanation: Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All branches are leaves'. Thus, I follows. IV is the converse of this conclusion and so it also holds.



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