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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each of the questions below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and III, You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Q1:

Statements: All tigers are jungles. No jungle is bird. Some birds are rains. Conclusions:
  1. No rain is jungle.
  2. Some rains are jungles.
  3. No bird is tiger.

A Only I and II follow

B Only III follows

C Only either I or II, and III follow

D All follow

E None of these

ANS:C - Only either I or II, and III follow

Explanation: All tigers are jungles. No jungle is bird. Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No tiger is bird'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. No jungle is bird. Some birds are rains. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some jungles are not rains'. Since I and II also involve the same terms and form a complementary pair, so either I or II follows.



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