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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each of the following questions, three statements are given followed by four conclusions numbered I, II, III and TV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Q1:

Statements: No man is sky. No sky is road. Some men are roads. Conclusions:
  1. No road is man.
  2. No road is sky.
  3. Some skies are men.
  4. All roads are men.

A None follows

B Only I follows

C Only II and III follow

D Only I and III follow

E None of these

ANS:E - None of these

Explanation: II is the converse of the second premise and so it holds. No man is sky. No sky is road. Since both the premises are negative, no definite conclusion follows. No man is sky. Some men are roads. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some roads are not skies'. No sky is road. Some men are roads. As discussed above, it follows that 'Some men are not skies'. Hence, only II follows.



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