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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each of the following questions, three statements are given followed by four conclusions numbered I, II, III and TV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Q1: Statements: No paper is pen. No pen is pencil. All erasers are papers. Conclusions:
  1. Some papers are erasers.
  2. No pencil is eraser.
  3. No pen is eraser.
  4. All papers are erasers.

A Only I and II follow

B Only II and III follow

C Only I, II and III follow

D All follow

E None of these

ANS:E - None of these

Explanation: I is the converse of the third premise and so it holds. No paper is pen. No pen is pencil. Since both the premises are negative, no definite conclusion follows. All erasers are papers. No paper is pen. Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No eraser is pen'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. Hence, only I and III follow.



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