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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each of the questions below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and III, You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Q1: Statements: Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are deserts. All deserts are roads. Conclusions:
  1. Some roads are rivers.
  2. Some roads are hills.
  3. Some deserts are hills.

A None follows

B Only I follows

C Only I and II follow

D Only II and III follow

E All follow

ANS:B - Only I follows

Explanation: Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are deserts. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. Some rivers are deserts. All deserts are roads. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and shouldn't contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some rivers are roads'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are roads. Again, since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.



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