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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each of the following questions, two statements are given followed by three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Q1: Statements: Some houses are offices. Some offices are schools. Conclusions:
  1. Some schools are houses.
  2. Some offices are houses.
  3. No house is school.
  4. Some schools are offices.

A Only II and III follow

B Only I and IV follow

C Only either III or IV, and I follow

D Only II and IV and either I or III follow.

ANS:D - Only II and IV and either I or III follow.

Explanation: Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and III involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or III follows. II is the converse of the first premise while IV is the converse of the second premise. Thus, both of them hold.



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