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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.Give answer:
  • (A) If only conclusion I follows
  • (B) If only conclusion II follows
  • (C) If either I or II follows
  • (D) If neither I nor II follows and
  • (E) If both I and II follow.

Q1: Statements: Some papers are pens. Some pencils are pens. Conclusions:
  1. Some pens are pencils.
  2. Some pens are papers.

A Only conclusion I follows

B Only conclusion II follows

C Either I or II follows

D Neither I nor II follows

E Both I and II follow

ANS:E - Both I and II follow

Explanation: Since both premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of second premise, while II is the converse of the first premise. So, both of them hold.



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